A Study On Hard Disk Drive Computer Science Essay

A Study On Hard Disk Drive Computer Science Essay Every desktop computer, laptop and netbook contains a hard-disk drive. The hard-disk drive, better known as the hard drive, is one of the most vital components in a computer. The hard drive stores information for the computer in a non-volatile way, meaning that when the user shuts off the computer, all the information he saved will still be there when he turns the computer back on. Today, hard drives can store an enormous amount of information. We will take a look at how a hard drive operates and saves information. Figure 1 is a picture of a typical hard drive (Hallock). Figure 1: Enclosed hard drive (Hallock) Six basic elements make up the composition of a hard drive: The enclosure, spindle motor, hard drive platters, actuator arm, interface and logic board. The enclosure is simply the outer shell that protects and holds everything together. The four largest and most important properties that will be outlined below are the interface, logic board, hard drive platters, spindle motor, and the read/write to disk. The actuator arm will be referred to and described within these outlined sections (Hallock). Interface A hard drive connects to your computer through a specific type of interface (Bleeping Computer). The hard drive port and the port on the computer where they connect must be the same; otherwise they will not be able to sync up together. Logic Board The logic board performs several significant operations. The logic board is the brain of the hard drive. It tells the computer what the drive is, how big it is, what cable its connected to, and how to access the drive in your operating system. Figure 2 below is a picture of a logic board (Hallock). Another key function of the logic board is the read/write cache process, without this the hard drive would be slow in saving and retrieving files. When a computer is told to open 1,000 megabytes of information, the hard drive passes the information to you as quickly as it is able through the cache process. While the hard drive is loading the first 16MB of the file, the next chunk of data is prepared to roll and is waiting in the cache; when you open the cached chunk of data, another is fed into the cache, and so on until all the information is opened. This is the read portion of the cache process, the reverse of this process occurs to write information (Hallock). This cache process is an integral part of the read/write to disk function that is described in a section below. Hard Drive Platters Platters are the round plates in the Figure 4 below (Bleeping Computer). Platters contain all the information stored on the hard drive. The platters themselves are the most important and complicated component included in a hard drive. Todays platters are thin disks (thus the hard disk name) of glass or aluminum, coated with an ultra-thin layer of a cobalt alloy, which is naturally magnetic. Data is written to sectors which are organized into concentric rings outwards from the spindle called tracks, and all of those are managed into clusters by the file system youve chosen. To write the data, the actuator arm aligns the magnetization of the platter in a pattern recognizable to the hard drives logic board (Hallock). In other words, the actuator arm swings across the platter to find information that the user desires. The Spindle Motor The spindle motor is the most basic moving component in a hard drive. The spindle motor is controlled by the logic board and is responsible for turning the hard disk platters, allowing the hard drive to operate. The faster the spindle spins the faster the read/write capabilities the hard drive has. Below in Figure 3 is a spindle motor stripped of its platters and all other components (PC Guide). Figure 3: Spindle Motor (PC Guide) Read/Write to Disk The read process is when the user requests data from the hard drive and it is transmitted to the computer. The write process is when the user saves information on the hard drive for later use. Here are the steps in the read/write process: The user requests information on the hard drive. The operating system accesses the files and locations via the motherboards hard drive controller. The operating system tells the hard drives logic board that it wants a file. The logic board spins up the platters on the spindle. The actuator arm is moved into position. The logic board reads and amplifies the very weak, isolated magnetic fields that comprise your data. The logic board begins using the actuator to read information from the sectors in the requested cluster. Information is streamed into the hard drive cache. The information is fed from the cache, to the hard drive controller, to you and RAM. The write process is almost the exact opposite, except instead of accessing the platters to find a files location; its accessing the file table to find free clusters for write space (Hallock). Summary Hard drives are the main component in many computer-driven technologies today. There are seven basic parts to a hard drive; the enclosure, spindle, platter, motor, actuator arm, interface and logic board. A hard drive in where all the information is stored on a computer. Hard drives have been a key innovative technology in saving and storing data that has become such an integral part of our society. Works Cited Hallock, Robert. How Hard Drives Work.Icrontic. N.p., 5 June 2007. Web.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10 Mar. 2010. Hard Disk Spindle Motor.The PC Guide. N.p., 17 April 2001. Web.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 Mar. 2010. How Hard Drives Work.Bleeping Computer. Bleeping Computer ,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 Nov. 2005. Web. 10 Mar., 2010.

Studying psychological disorders

1.) Describe the general behaviors associated with the disorder. Psychological disorders are usually associated with disturbances in mood, perception, memory, and emotions. There could be an increase in the level of anxiety which is usually observed in patients with phobias or other stress disorders. There could also be dissociation or disrupted consciousness and identity which is characteristic of dissociative disorders.Basically, these people could experience confusion on their situation and there could also be estranged from one’s own environment. These individuals could also exhibit over the board behaviors and activities. There are also evident physical manifestations of the disorders such as seizure or other physical disabilities. a) Explain how biological influences play a role. Biological influences play a big role in explaining the nature of psychological disorders. The psychological side of man is usually associated with the nervous system and its functions.Different existing medical treatments for psychological disorders also focus on monitoring brain activities and the likes. Also, there are several cases in which physical trauma to the brain can cause certain psychological distress and at the same time psychological disorders are often manifested in an abrupt change in biological processes. Genetic factors may also increase a person’s risk of acquiring a psychological illness. b) Are there biological reasons why an individual may exhibit behaviors related to the disorder?Explain your answer. There are biological reasons behind the behaviors of an individual having a particular disorder. For example, sleep disorders are mainly caused by a disruption in the biological sleep patterns of the individual. This psychological disorder is also biological in nature because it also involves difficulty in breathing and even paralysis of different parts of the body. Sleep disorders can also be caused by other psychological illnesses such as schizo phrenia and other mood disorders.

The Unusual Details About Topics for a Argument Essay That Some People Do Not Know About

The Unusual Details About Topics for a Argument Essay That Some People Do Not Know About The Secret to Topics for a Argument Essay Writing an excellent persuasive essay is a significant method to impress both your teacher and peers. English language classes usually take a lot of writing. A student ought to keep in contact with the hottest trends and know which persuasive essay topics are related to sound convincing in regards to defending personal opinions. Even though the introduction, your abilities. Topics for a Argument Essay - What Is It? Good persuasive essay topics must be persuasive. Persuasive essays are a really good means to encourage the reader to check at a particular topic in a different light. A persuasive essay is virtually identical. All persuasive essays are like argumentative essays. To locate argumentative essay topics easy on various platforms, you will need to comprehend about the argumentative essay. You are a genuine expert in regards to persuasive essay topics. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. To do so, you need to get a guide to compose the very best essay on the selected topic. In circumstances when you get to pick the topic for an argumentative essay, you need to be wise and locate a title that will intrigue a reader. You may pick topics from several lists of ready themes. Researching the topic permits you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you truly like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. Top Choices of Topics for a Argument Essay One of the greatest approaches to change anybody's mind is with an emotional investment. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you find yourself getting a great grade. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a good deal about it. What's more, the topic itself includes a whole lot of statistics and can be ideal for practically any business, statistics, marketing or other majors. There are many steps which you should take so as to write a superb essay. Anyway, direct and indirect quotes are required to support your understanding of academic writing style. The process an extremely straightforward. You could come up with the way the conversation breakdown could possibly be associated with disappointment by both events to-use strategies that are Rogerian. At the conclusion of these list, you are going to discover links to a variety of argumentative paragraphs and essays. Even if you're a specialist in a particular field, don't be afraid to use and cite external sources. Besides general knowledge you have concerning the subject, you won't mind dedicating some opportunity to research, writing procedure, and other elements essential for the high-quality essay. Argumentative research paper topics are a good deal much easier to find than to produce. The End of Topics for a Argument Essay Argumentative essays suppose there is a discussion opposed to a single viewpoint, while persuasive ones involve supporting just one position. Becoming in a position to compose a strong argument will allow you to succeed in society. After picking your subject, you have to have the five kinds of arguments at the rear of your head throughout your writing. You may find there's a compelling argument for learning another language after all! The Chronicle s of Topics for a Argument Essay You'll wind up lost without having the capability to make an argument and develop it correctly. Even if you think in a specific argument very strongly, if you lack the evidence to demonstrate your point, then your argument might just be as great as lost. Finding the most suitable arguments can help you prove your point and win. You are able to restate your argument, which is quite a common practice amongst essayists. On the opposite side, acquiring a list of good persuasive essay topics is insufficient. Among the initial and main problems many face when they need to compose a persuasive essay for college or for another goal is selecting a topic. The very first step is to locate a topic that you could write about, one that you're confident in. It is vital to pick a great topic so as to compose an excellent paper. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. Deciding on your topic isn't that easy. Selecting an emotional topic is also an excellent idea. Deciding upon a topic for this kind of essay can be challenging.

Christmas Quotes From Famous Writers

The Christmas Holidays are all about traditions. Families and friends sing Christmas carols, and kids listen to stories about Santa  and Rudolph. Whether you are looking for words to express in Christmas cards or letters, in social media or just for fun, here you can find famous quotations by  famous writers. Margaret Cousins Christmas, in its final essence, is for grown people who have forgotten what children know. Christmas is for whoever is old enough to have denied the unquenchable spirit of man. Dale Evans Christmas, my child, is love in action.   Joan Winmill Brown Christmas! The very word brings joy to our hearts. No matter how we may dread the rush, the long Christmas lists for gifts and cards to be bought and given — when Christmas Day comes there is still the same warm feeling we had as children, the same warmth that enfolds our hearts and our homes.   Bess Streeter Aldrich Christmas Eve was a night of song that wrapped itself about you like a shawl. But it warmed more than your body. It warmed your heart...filled it, too, with melody that would last forever.   Oren Arnold Christmas gift suggestions: To your enemy, forgiveness. To an opponent, tolerance. To a friend, your heart. To a customer, service. To all, charity. To every child, a good example. To yourself, respect. Lenore Hershey Do give books — religious or otherwise — for Christmas. Theyre never fattening, seldom sinful, and permanently personal.   Peg Bracken Gifts of time and love are surely the basic ingredients of a truly merry Christmas.   Ray Stannard Baker I sometimes think we expect too much of Christmas Day. We try to crowd into it the long arrears of kindliness and humanity of the whole year. As for me, I like to take my Christmas a little at a time, all through the year. And thus I drift along into the holidays — let them overtake me unexpectedly — waking up some fine morning and suddenly saying to myself: Why this is Christmas Day! Charles Dickens I will honour Christmas in my heart, and try to keep it all the year. W.T Ellis It is Christmas in the heart that puts Christmas in the air. Isabel Currier It is the personal thoughtfulness, the warm human awareness, the reaching out of the self to ones fellow man that makes giving worthy of the Christmas spirit. Charlton Heston My first copies of Treasure Island  and Huckleberry Finn  still have some blue-spruce needles scattered in the pages. They smell of Christmas still. Charlotte Carpenter Remember, if Christmas isnt found in your heart, you wont find it under a tree. Hugh Downs Something about an old-fashioned Christmas is hard to forget. Phillips Brooks The earth has grown old with its burden of care But at Christmas it always is young, The heart of the jewel burns lustrous and fair And its soul full of music breaks the air, When the song of angels is sung.   Charles N. Barnard The perfect Christmas tree? All Christmas trees are perfect!   Erma Bombeck Theres nothing sadder in this world than to awake Christmas morning and not be a child.   Mrs. Paul M. Ell They err who think Santa Claus comes down through the chimney; he really enters through the heart.   Taylor Caldwell This is the message of Christmas: We are never alone. Calvin Coolidge To the American People: Christmas is not a time or a season but a state of mind. To cherish peace and goodwill, to be plenteous in mercy, is to have the real spirit of Christmas. If we think on these things, there will be born in us a Savior and over us will shine a star sending its gleam of hope to the world. Bing Crosby Unless we make Christmas an occasion to share our blessings, all the snow in Alaska wont make it white.   Marjorie Holmes At Christmas, all roads lead home.   Majorie Holmes It comes every year and will go on forever. And along with Christmas belong the keepsakes and the customs. Those humble, everyday things a mother clings to, and ponders, like Mary in the secret spaces of her heart. Bob Hope My idea of Christmas, whether old-fashioned or modern, is very simple: loving others. Come to think of it, why do we have to wait for Christmas to do that? Bob Hope When we recall Christmas past, we usually find that the simplest things — not the great occasions — give off the greatest glow of happiness. Washington Irving Christmas is the season for kindling the fire of hospitality in the hall, the genial flame of charity in the heart. W.C. Jones The joy of brightening other lives, bearing each others burdens, easing others loads and supplanting empty hearts and lives with generous gifts becomes for us the magic of Christmas.   Garrison Keillor A lovely thing about Christmas is that its compulsory, like a thunderstorm, and we all go through it together. Robert Lynd Were I a philosopher, I should write a philosophy of toys, showing that nothing else in life need to be taken  seriously  and that Christmas Day in the company of children is one of the few occasions on which men become entirely alive. Hamilton Wright Mabie Blessed is the season which engages the whole world in a conspiracy of love. Harlan Miller I wish we could put up some of the Christmas  spirit  in jars and open a jar of it every month. Joan Mills Christmas is the keeping-place for memories of our innocence. Garry Moore Christmas is, of course, the time to be home — in  heart  as well as  body. Agnes M. Pahro What is Christmas? It is tenderness for the past, courage for the present, hope for the future. It is a fervent wish that every cup may overflow with blessings rich and  eternal,  and that every path may lead to peace. Norman Vincent Peale Christmas waves a magic wand over this world, and behold, everything is softer and more beautiful. Norman Vincent Peale I truly believe that if we keep telling the Christmas story, singing the Christmas songs, and living the Christmas spirit, we can bring joy and happiness and peace to this world. Andy Rooney One of the most glorious messes in the world is the mess created in the living room on Christmas day. Dont clean it up too quickly. Andy Rooney The best Christmas trees come very close to exceeding nature. Augusta E. Rundell Christmas — that magic blanket that wraps itself about us, that something so intangible that it is like a fragrance. It may weave a spell of nostalgia. Christmas may be a day of feasting, or of prayer, but always it will be a day of remembrance — a day in which we think of everything we have ever loved. Eric Sevareid As long as we know in our hearts what Christmas ought to be, Christmas is. Eric Sevareid Christmas is a necessity. There has to be at least one day of the year to remind us that were here for something else besides ourselves. Ralph Sockman Christmas renews our youth by stirring our wonder. The capacity for wonder has been called our most pregnant human faculty, for in it are born our art, our science, our religion. Margaret Thatcher Christmas is a day of meaning and traditions, a special day spent in the warm circle of family and friends. Thomas Tusser At Christmas play and make good cheer, For Christmas comes but once a year. Lenora Mattingly Weber Christmas is for children. But it is for grownups too. Even if it is a headache, a chore, and nightmare, it is a period of necessary defrosting of chill and hide-bound hearts. Joanne Woodward Which Christmas is the most vivid to me? Its always the next Christmas.